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Fed Funds Rate
The FOMC's own target rate range, every real change since 2016 -- overlaid against national employment and weekly unemployment claims over the same window
Part of a real chain, not standing alone — see How These Move Together for how a rate decision moves through Employment and into Business Formation.
Target Rate (midpoint) vs. Total Nonfarm Employment
The heavier line is the Fed's own target range midpoint (FRED series DFEDTARL/DFEDTARU), right axis, one point per actual FOMC decision -- not one point per calendar day, since the source data just repeats the prior value on every day between meetings. The lighter line is total nonfarm payroll employment (the same series behind the Employment Trend), left axis, restricted to 2016 forward to match the rate data's real coverage -- this ingest doesn't reach back before 2016-07-30. Worth being honest about the resolution mismatch rather than implying a tighter read than the data supports: the rate line moves on the actual day the Fed changed it, while the employment line only has one real reading a year, so a short-term reaction in employment right after a rate change wouldn't show up here even if it existed. Weekly initial unemployment claims, the resolution-matched companion series for that, are in the two panels below instead.
0M 0.0% 42M 1.8% 83M 3.5% 125M 5.3% 167M 7.0% 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026
Fed Funds target midpoint (right axis, %)
Total nonfarm employment (left axis, millions)
Target Rate (midpoint) vs. Initial Unemployment Claims -- full history, true scale
Initial unemployment claims (FRED series ICSA), weekly -- the actual resolution-matched companion series to the rate data. Shown here at true scale rather than clipped or log-scaled, because the honest story is the scale itself: claims spiked from roughly 210,000 to a peak of 6,137,000 in the three weeks after March 14, 2020 -- a roughly 29x jump, the single largest and fastest move in this entire series by a wide margin. That spike is real, not a data error, and compressing it to fit alongside ordinary weeks would hide the actual size of the shock. The tradeoff: at this scale, the week-to-week texture in every other period gets flattened near the bottom of the chart -- see the panel below for that. What actually pulled this line back down is its own real, traceable story -- forty-four years of research behind one of the vaccines that helped make the recovery possible.
0K 0.0% 1,611K 1.8% 3,222K 3.5% 4,833K 5.3% 6,444K 7.0% 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 peak: 6,137,000 (week of Apr 4, 2020)
Fed Funds target midpoint (right axis, %)
Initial unemployment claims (left axis, thousands)
Same two series, pandemic-elevated window excluded
Same data, but with March 2020 through December 2021 removed rather than just visually compressed -- claims stayed well above their normal range through that entire stretch, not just during the initial spike, so it isn't a single clean outlier to clip. The gap in each line marks exactly what's excluded; nothing is hidden, it's cut out and named. This is the view worth reading for the actual week-to-week relationship between claims and rate decisions in ordinary conditions -- the one the full-scale panel above can't show because the 2020 spike dominates its own axis.
0K 0.0% 82K 1.8% 163K 3.5% 245K 5.3% 327K 7.0% 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 excluded
Fed Funds target midpoint (right axis, %)
Initial unemployment claims (left axis, thousands)
Effective date Lower bound Upper bound Midpoint
December 11, 2025 3.50% 3.75% 3.63%
October 30, 2025 3.75% 4.00% 3.88%
September 18, 2025 4.00% 4.25% 4.13%
December 19, 2024 4.25% 4.50% 4.38%
November 8, 2024 4.50% 4.75% 4.63%
September 19, 2024 4.75% 5.00% 4.88%
July 27, 2023 5.25% 5.50% 5.38%
May 4, 2023 5.00% 5.25% 5.13%
March 23, 2023 4.75% 5.00% 4.88%
February 2, 2023 4.50% 4.75% 4.63%
December 15, 2022 4.25% 4.50% 4.38%
November 3, 2022 3.75% 4.00% 3.88%
September 22, 2022 3.00% 3.25% 3.13%
July 28, 2022 2.25% 2.50% 2.38%
June 16, 2022 1.50% 1.75% 1.63%
May 5, 2022 0.75% 1.00% 0.88%
March 17, 2022 0.25% 0.50% 0.38%
March 16, 2020 0.00% 0.25% 0.13%
March 4, 2020 1.00% 1.25% 1.13%
October 31, 2019 1.50% 1.75% 1.63%
September 19, 2019 1.75% 2.00% 1.88%
August 1, 2019 2.00% 2.25% 2.13%
December 20, 2018 2.25% 2.50% 2.38%
September 27, 2018 2.00% 2.25% 2.13%
June 14, 2018 1.75% 2.00% 1.88%
March 22, 2018 1.50% 1.75% 1.63%
December 14, 2017 1.25% 1.50% 1.38%
June 15, 2017 1.00% 1.25% 1.13%
March 16, 2017 0.75% 1.00% 0.88%
December 14, 2016 0.50% 0.75% 0.63%
July 30, 2016 0.25% 0.50% 0.38%